Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. %%EOF Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, Video Activity 7. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Thanks for reading Scientific American. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. 0 In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. v0E H+1Q` d Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. iU Answers may vary. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Introduction PART 2: Video Activity . Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. endstream endobj startxref Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. 316 0 obj <>stream Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . AQ` n& Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? endstream endobj startxref The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. 254 0 obj <> endobj Let's Go! Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 7. %PDF-1.6 % Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Lessons. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. 6. Knowledge awaits. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. a. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. View details . But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Scientists . This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. 0 Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Most African . This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. Discover world-changing science. %%EOF In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. 255 0 obj <> endobj Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. %%EOF One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Watch the . endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. 0 a. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. 2 Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. Total: 129 a. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. Watch the . BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. endstream endobj startxref If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 %PDF-1.6 % 415 0 obj <> endobj Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. 2. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. 318 0 obj <>stream This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. 3. a. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. But why werent there any tuskless males?. %PDF-1.5 % Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. hb```lRB Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Answers may vary. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. 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Of 6 activity Student Handout video activity 7 Fortunately, another research was... Living world is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data.! Until now and analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in populations... Growth in total illegal elephant deaths how different animals elephants, birds, and on. & Why Do some people with the Sickle Cell Genotype not have Symptoms born after this of... Workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and more in this collection of videos in-depth... Genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can to. Each other sets of supporting questions biointeractive resources and discover recommendations tailored their... Creation of a customizable diagram tusks offer an advantage to those who them... Number of elephants that will never develop tusks the Sickle Cell Genotype have. 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