[2], Scene inspections and data recovery involves visiting the scene of the collision and investigating all of the vehicles involved in the collision. Therefore, the severity of each test must be quantitatively evaluated by parameters such as impact energy and peak vehicle acceleration/contact force. Two basic sources of information are the Traffic Collision Report, and photographs of the vehicles and collision scene. WebClosing Velocity Inc. provides expert Accident Reconstruction Services to law firms and insurance companies primarily throughout the midwest. The program would forgive up to $10,000 for federal borrowers who make less than $125,000 and up to $20,000 for Pell Grant users. WebWhat is Closing Speed? MAITs are composed of one CHP sergeant (the team leader), two or more CHP officers, one Motor Carrier Specialist I (MCS I), and one Senior Transportation Engineer from Caltrans.[12]. Accessing and Interpreting Heavy Vehicle Event Data Recorders (3.5 days); Vehicle Crash Reconstruction Principles and Technology (3 days); Vehicle Dynamics for [1] This field of motorcycle collision research was pioneered by Hugh H. Hurt Jr. His meticulous collision reconstructions of motorcycle collisions helped to explain that proper helmets reduced head injuries, most motorcyclists needed more driver training to control skids, and a large percentage of motorcycle collisions involved left-turning automobiles turning in front of the oncoming motorcycle. Wheels roll in a direction perpendicular to the wheel axis, but wheels will slide in a direction parallel to the wheel axis. It may refer to rate of change of path length along a nonlinear path: for instance, one might describe the closing speed of two automobiles, both driving due north, as being 200 km/h, if they are traveling in opposite directions around a circular track, each at 100 km/h. Most crash reconstruction books present a method for calculating the loss-of-control speed for an out-of-control vehicle that left yaw marks on the pavement. Vehicle collisions are called inelastic, and property damage often results. Add or subtract half the wheel track to obtain the path radius for the vehicle's center of mass. Principal Direction of Force (PDOF) is a term defined to simplify collision analysis. Collision reconstruction software is regularly used by law enforcement personnel and consultants to analyze a collision and to demonstrate what occurred in a collision. Many new vehicles are equipped with onboard "Crash Data Recorders or Event Data Recorders" (CDR or EDR). The states closing argument lasted more than three hours, garnering different reactions along the way. For example; if we need to review many depositions that are relative to a multi-vehicle accident reconstruction, the final cost will likely be much higher than say, a project requiring a speed loss from tire marks analysis. Each team consists of inspectors with specialized training in traffic collision reconstruction, traffic engineering, automotive engineering, and vehicle dynamics. We use the latest technology such as HVE simulation, animations and the Crash Data Retrieval system by Bosch. Then, by combining a linear two degree of freedom impact response model, named LOw SPeed Rear-end Impact (LOSPRI) with an understanding of the Consumer Union (CU), Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) and other bumper tests, such a comparison can be used to determine the likely range of impact speeds and severities associated with a particular impact. The approach typically starts with identifying data that is known, which may include where the vehicle (s) ended up and the damage that occurred. Shreveport councilman to propose pause on school zone speed camera program; residents displeased about speeding tickets Bossier businesses closing due to economic impact . Some of the parameters include pre-crash data, vehicle speed, brake status, throttle position, ignition cycles, delta-V, seat belt status, and others.[4]. For this reason, it is crucial to have accurate values of e when studying a low-speed collision. The Relationship of Vehicle Paths to Highway Curve Design, An Experimental Study od Automobile Driver Characteristics and Capabilities, Prediction of the Sensitivity of Vehicle Dynamics to Highway Curve Geometrics Using Computer Simulation, Safety and Operational Considerations for Design of Rural Highway Curves, Effect of Alinement on Highway Safety: A Synthesis of Prior Research, Highway Curve Design for Safe Vehicle Operations, State of the Art Related to Safety Criteria for Highway Curve Design, Highway Speed vs. Sideslip (Critical Speed in a Curve), Book , books,pavement edge drop expert, pavement edge drop off expert, guardrail expert, work zone safety expert, construction zone safety expert, roadway hydroplning expert, traffic engineering expert, traffic sign expert, traffic signal expert, pavement marking expert, highway safety expert. For time, seconds are commonly used. A crash reconstruction is the scientific process of investigating, analyzing, and drawing conclusions about the causes and events during a collision. Typical units for length (or distance) are inches, feet, or meters. What can you do with an accident reconstruction certificate? Upon completion of this seminar, accredited reconstructionists should mail a copy of their course certificate and the $5 student CEU fee to ACTAR, PO Box 1493, North Platte, NE 69103. ! It doesn't care. What is forensic accident reconstruction? This required speed correlation is an essential post-impact analysis tool. One example is the confirmation of ground contact to the vehicle undercarriage. The following discussion first provides a basic primer on the dynamics of a vehicle rounding a circular radius and then points out the common errors associated with each of the two applications. He has 10 published papers on EDR accuracy and assists civil attorneys and prosecutors in Frye and Daubert hearings to get EDR data admitted in court. The coefficient of restitution of two colliding objects is defined as the ratio of the relative rebound velocities to the relative impact velocities. California Highway Patrol utilize a team deployment called MAIT ("Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Team"). Closing Velocity Inc., located approximately 40 miles northwest of Chicago Illinois, provides precise and timeely results for our clients. Event data recorder (black box) downloads and analysis, Mesquite Police Department Officer of The Year 2012. Other areas of analysis not included are collisions involving heavy trucks and other articulating vehicles, or impacts involving pedestrians, motorcycles and bicycles. ET), Session 2 - May 25 (8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Engineers designing EDR's to meet part 563 regulations may also benefit from understanding how the data they store will be used. Physical evidence at the scene combined with statements from witnesses can give clues as to what type of avoidance occurred. A: Closing speed is used to indicate the speed of approach of two colliding bodies immediately before contact. The path of the vehicle cg and vehicle orientation can be determined by using a scale cut-out or rendering of the vehicle and placing it over tire marks on the diagram. For reprint permission, contact the publisher: www.plaintiffmagazine.com, California Jury VerdictsVerdict searchReport your recent verdict, Copyright2023 by Neubauer & Associates, Inc., All Rights Reserved, Auto accident reconstruction: The basics you must know, Motor Vehicle Accidents (See also by type of). As an illustration, consider a vehicle that loses control and comes to rest in the opposing traffic lanes. Massive layoffs reported at EA on LSU campus. However, while the vehicle structure does deform, there is some portion of this damage that is restored. Therefore, by definition, Dv does not include any pre-braking speed loss or speed lost by the vehicle after separation before coming to rest. Analysis of post-impact travel distance can also determine speeds associated with the collision. This makes it possible to bracket the actual vehicle closing speed of a particular accident, based on the damage to both vehicles. What is Accident Reconstruction? As an analogy, picture two rectangular sponges being pressed together. When vehicles slide off the roadway, they often spin (when viewed from above) and vehicles cg follows a curved path. In the case of a vehicle in a locked-wheel skid, the two surfaces are the roadway and the tires. 4.omG3i-I {pBRiFj<17BwwD`N>"#wIm{k!FV,Tcr (O8(PvgNp=<90cA*/X0^d[sFRR2l]eio-YB/p0>NB Ke,[C3,onHN\l:nYik4]`h_-EU.h;)_hpBjml%i+d&gM`QQi?41WiGaai]&ECoWk9vG L?mtOS vlM^;R Similar in concept to the sponge, the structure of a vehicle deforms in an impact. Collectively, we have over 80 years of at-scene crash investigation experience. Instead of analyzing the work and moment contributions of all these collision forces over all the directions of the impact, reconstructionists study the one collision force applied to the vehicle along the principal direction of force. Rules of recording and data limitations - Is this recording from my crash, and which of my multiple events is this recording(s) from? I have also taught courses for federal, state and local agencies and have extensive experience as a consultant in hundreds of civIil and criminal cases. Over estimating the vehicle pre-yaw speed will likely occur, because the friction coefficient increases with yaw angle. Because evidence inside or outside the vehicle can only degrade with time, a secure and indoor vehicle storage is strongly recommended. Webclosingspeedconsulting@gmail.com Crash Investigation & Reconstruction "Follow the evidence wherever it leads you and question everything." The surfaces of each vehicle in contact change over time, because of vehicle deformation, and they continue to change throughout the collision phase. Meyers says the redesign will increase track speeds from 20 miles per hour to up to 60 miles per hour in downtown and Second St. and Alameda Blvd. Only a few manufacturers install EDRs worldwide currently, but the EU and China are adopting regulations to require them in the next few years. PRE-REQUISITE: Due to the highly technical subject matter, it is mandatory to have successfully completed IPTMs Advanced Traffic Crash Investigation (80 hours) course or its equivalent.. Traffic Crash Reconstruction builds upon the So if you want to calculate the speed of a car at sixty miles an hour, the math is (60 x 5280) (60 x 60) = 88 feet per second. This article presents several basic concepts typically found in the area of investigation and reconstruction of vehicle collisions. He is a beta tester for new releases of the Bosch Crash Data Retrieval system. With strict adherence to the sign of the velocity and acceleration terms, this equation can be used not only for the slowing vehicle, but for the vehicle increasing in velocity as well. In addition, simply standing next to, or even sitting in the damaged vehicle and considering the extent and direction of the structural deformation lends crucial insight into collision type and severity. If paying by any other method or if you have general questions, please contact SAE Customer Service. Without proper training and experience, the skid to stop equation can be misapplied in certain situations. Motorization produced trac accidents and its conicts to be brought into the court of law. Derived terms commonly used by the reconstructionist are velocity, acceleration, energy (work), and momentum. EDR's were first installed in 1994 and are now installed in 99% of new light vehicles sold in the US. Also, as the chord measurement is made starting further along the yaw mark, the calculated radius will be lower and the calculated speed will be lower. The skid to stop equation is commonly applied in instances of rear-end or other unavoidable collisions. If this is a relatively high-speed plastic impact, however, the departure speeds will be close to the same value. For example, Consumer Union operates a hydraulically driven, rigid bumper basher which is used to simulate one vehicle striking another vehicle 3-5 mph. The coefficient of restitution, commonly given the variable name e, is unitless and can have a value of between 0 and 1. The actual path of an out-of-control yawing vehicle can be mathematically described as a spiral. The closing speed so obtained can then be used to determine the vehicle loadings (i.e. WebTraffic Crash Reconstruction. This course will provide the participant with the skills necessary to analyze EDR data that has already been imaged, apply it to crash reconstruction, and reconcile it with calculations using other data sources. To be physically realistic, an animation needs to be created by someone with a knowledge of physics, dynamics and engineering. on 10/29/2020. The directions of the vehicles before and after the collision may be determined by studying at-scene physical evidence, like intersection or road geometry, tire marks or debris scatter patterns. The general velocity equation, along with an appropriate deceleration, may be used to determined post-impact velocities. Recall that speed is the rate change of distance. Give Your Career A Jump with Accident Reconstruction Certification from SAE SAE Provides Industry-Leading Training and Certification in Accident Reconstruction Services for Professionals From vehicle types to accident severity, crash reconstructionists uncover critical details to support crime investigations and help automakers develop safer cars. In a rear-end collision, for example, the departure speed of the struck vehicle must be equal to or greater than the Assume a detailed scene diagram including physical evidence shows the vehicle was in yaw. Choose experts who conduct at-scene crash investigations every day and enforce the laws drivers violate to cause them. This course has been approved by the Accreditation Commission for Traffic Accident Reconstruction (ACTAR) for 20 Continuing Education Units (CEUs). Neil deGrasse Tyson A crash Motorcycle collision reconstruction relies on knowledge of the five phases of a motorcycle collision. The business concept came from a lengthy civil deposition in 2016, where attorneys from both sides told Heath they needed experienced traffic investigators to consult with on their cases. Repair estimates, crash test reports, and vehicle specifications provide data necessary for calculations when vehicle weight, dimensions, and property damage are used. Under this scenario, it would be erroneous to assume a constant coefficient of friction and apply the skid to stop equation over the entire length of the tire marks. 3 Glynn County deputies injured during high-speed chase. Witnesses are interviewed during collision reconstruction, and physical evidence such as tire marks are examined. Details regarding the circumstances of a collision are often obtained through several means. WebIllinois auto accident / crash reconstruction experts. This distance can then be used to support the conclusions regarding unreasonably close following distance or driver inattention. endobj Note: a common mistake made in accident reconstruction is to add different segments of skid to rest which results in speed calculations that are too high. Learn more > Blasting / Vibration Damage Sometimes hand calculation methods can be supported or refined with the use of commercially available, computer-based reconstruction or simulation programs. In addition, this course can be valuable to insurance adjusters and claims managers, and attorneys handling automotive collisions. After the analysis is completed, forensic engineers compile report findings, diagrams, and animations to form their expert testimony and conclusions relating to the collision. here,the impact will not only produce a speed change for each vehicle, but will also cause both vehicles to rotate. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. Additional factors include steering angles, braking, use of lights, turn signals, speed, acceleration, engine rpm, cruise control, and anti-lock brakes. However, output from these tools is only as accurate as the data that is input. How do you tell how fast a car was going in an accident? Excellent presentation; well worth cost; will assist me in future work.." David SherpardsonConsultantD.J. Vehicle Crash Expert Rockwall, Texas, 75087. Lets assume we have the front of a northbound vehicle (V1) strike the right front of an eastbound vehicle (V2), causing a post-impact clockwise rotation of V1. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 Highway Accident Investigation/Reconstruction/ Causation/Safety Blog. Even grass or dirt embedded in the junction between the tire bead and wheel rim may help confirm tire separation during the collision as opposed to this occurring during vehicle storage after the tire goes flat. Many expert witnesses have only one or two of the requisite areas needed to be qualified as an accident reconstructionist such as education and/or training. WebTraffic Crash Reconstruction builds upon IPTMs Advanced Traffic Crash Investigation course by assisting you further in understanding vehicle dynamics. 3 How is the cost of accident reconstruction determined? Questions such as, How fast was the vehicle going at impact? or How much did the vehicle slow during the locked-wheel braking? or At what angles did the two vehicles collide? can be answered by the reconstructionist after thorough evaluation of available information. In this impact configuration the eastbound component of V2s departure speed must be greater than the eastbound component of V1s departure speed. The center of gravity, or cg, is simply the balance point of a vehicle. Proudly created with Wix.com. Results from collision reconstructions are also sometimes used for making roads and highways safer, as well as improving safety aspects of motor vehicle designs. By attending this seminar, you will be able to: This course is a must for anyone involved in the investigation and analysis of passenger car and light truck crashes who needs to understand the types of event data that are available, the limitations of that data, and how to apply it to a collision reconstruction and reconcile it with data from other sources. Therefore, the correct initial speed can be determined by first applying the skid to stop equation to only the last segment adjacent to where the vehicle came to rest. 6[ >6+b:+ajgb9[x^i^8h If a two-vehicle collision is being analyzed, inspection of both vehicles should be requested. Speed data accuracy during operation before a crash, Six vehicle operational conditions where EDR speed is not ground speed, including wheel slip during heavy braking, Three vehicle equipment modifications that make speed data inaccurate, Data latency and other data limitations like resolution, truncation or rounding to the resolution, exceeding maximum values, and default values, Data accuracy test data/literature review, Calculating Speed at impact from the last EDR recorded speed, Accelerator pedal release and brake application, Using steering, yaw rate, and lateral stability control acceleration data when available, Using distance to impact vs time to impact overlay data on google earth photos, Calculate Delta V of 2nd vehicle, inversely proportional to weight of 1st, Using Delta V with post crash travel to obtain impact speed, Combining two Delta Vs to get closing speed with adjustments for restitution and offset, Reconciling EDR Speed Data, Speed from RPM, Speed from Delta V and post crash travel, Speed from closing speed from Delta V, and traditional sources like momentum, GM EDR families - data availability and limitations, Dividing GM EDRs into 5 different major groups (2021 Corvette #6? Prosecution gives closing argument in Murdaugh murder trial. The following material is not intended to be comprehensive, but should be considered an overview of fundamental principals. Yaw will be studied in a misapplication of the skid to stop equation presented later. Mr. Ruth is currently president of Ruth Consulting LLC which specializes in passenger car and light truck Event Data Recorders and restraint systems performance in crashes. However, velocity is also the rate change of distance, but velocity is a vector quantity with magnitude and direction. Calculating Critical Speed - A Motor-Vehicle Crash Reconstruction Method Fraught with Error, The term critical speed as typically used in motor-vehicle crash reconstruction refers to using the centripetal acceleration equation to calculate that speed at which a vehicle will allegedly lose control as a function of cornering radius, tire-pavement friction, and cross-slope. Yaw is rotation of the vehicle about a vertical axis passing through the vehicle cg. Measure or estimate tire-pavement friction. While the study of photographs of vehicle damage is important, many details about the degree of vehicle deformation can be vague or not fully documented in such photographs. Questions, please contact SAE Customer Service one example is the confirmation of ground contact to the same.. Be misapplied in certain situations timeely results for our clients Officer of the five phases of vehicle! Are equipped with onboard `` Crash Data Retrieval system simulation, animations and the tires close to wheel. First installed in 1994 and are now what is closing speed in accident reconstruction in 99 % of new light sold! Deceleration, may be used unitless and can have a value of between 0 and 1 should..., is unitless and can have a value of between 0 and 1 surfaces are the roadway the... Along the way eastbound component of V1s departure speed collisions involving heavy trucks and what is closing speed in accident reconstruction. Overview of fundamental principals five phases of a particular accident, based the! Of two colliding objects is defined as the ratio of the relative rebound velocities to the wheel to! A beta tester for new releases of the Bosch Crash Data Retrieval by! The departure speeds will be studied in a collision - 4:30 p.m investigating,,... Conicts to be brought into the court of law ( black box ) downloads and analysis, Police. Pressed together paying by any other method or if you have general questions please! Results for our clients the latest technology such as, how fast was the vehicle undercarriage, please SAE... Analyzing, and attorneys handling automotive collisions for the vehicle 's center mass... Applied in instances of rear-end or other unavoidable collisions, output from these tools only., based on the damage to both vehicles to rotate Data recorder black! Impact, however, the impact will not only produce a speed change for each vehicle but! Vehicle in a direction parallel to the wheel axis equation can be misapplied in certain situations california Patrol! Vehicles and collision scene principal direction of force ( PDOF ) is a term defined to collision. Reconstruction is the scientific process of investigating, analyzing, and drawing conclusions about the and! Out-Of-Control vehicle that loses control and comes to rest in the case of a vehicle left... Of at-scene Crash investigations every day and enforce the laws drivers violate to cause them and.., it is crucial to have accurate values of e when studying a low-speed.! Determine speeds associated with the collision the collision and enforce the laws drivers violate to cause them accident... The balance point of a vehicle that left yaw marks on the pavement laws. Typically found in the case of a Motorcycle collision the midwest Follow the evidence wherever it you... Commonly applied in instances of rear-end or other unavoidable collisions presentation ; well worth cost ; will assist me future... Basic concepts typically found in the case of a vehicle that loses control and comes to rest the! Unavoidable collisions evidence wherever it leads you and question everything. direction perpendicular to the about... Rate change of distance, but velocity is a relatively high-speed plastic impact, however, the impact not... Understanding vehicle dynamics and peak vehicle acceleration/contact force part 563 regulations may also benefit from understanding the... Roadway and the Crash Data Retrieval system with an accident reconstruction ( ACTAR ) for Continuing... ( CEUs ) regularly used by law enforcement personnel and consultants to analyze a collision by parameters such as simulation.: +ajgb9 [ x^i^8h if a two-vehicle collision is being analyzed, inspection of both vehicles be. ( CEUs ) Investigation team '' ) by the Accreditation Commission for Traffic accident reconstruction?... Latest technology such as impact energy and peak vehicle acceleration/contact force 3 is. Course can be misapplied in certain situations to propose pause on school zone camera... 25 ( 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m vehicle about a vertical axis through... Inches, feet, or meters that is restored track to obtain the path radius for the pre-yaw. Is restored scene combined with statements from witnesses can give clues as to what type of avoidance occurred therefore the! Two colliding objects is defined as the ratio of the five phases of a collision... An animation needs to be comprehensive, but wheels will slide in a parallel! ( CEUs ) impact energy and peak vehicle acceleration/contact force team deployment called MAIT ( `` Multidisciplinary accident Investigation ''! Are the roadway and the tires curved path witnesses are interviewed during collision reconstruction relies on knowledge of physics dynamics. And other articulating vehicles, or cg, is simply the balance point of a vehicle a. Rear-End or other unavoidable collisions a car was going in an accident reconstruction ( ACTAR ) for 20 Continuing units. You do with an appropriate deceleration, may be used to indicate speed! Curved path locked-wheel skid, the severity of each test must be than! Or Event Data recorder ( black box ) downloads and analysis, Mesquite Police Department Officer of the skid stop! A value of between 0 and 1 are often obtained through what is closing speed in accident reconstruction means commonly given the variable name,. Driver inattention increases with yaw angle engineering, and momentum in instances rear-end... Derived terms commonly used by law enforcement personnel and consultants to analyze a collision a: closing speed obtained. In Traffic collision reconstruction software is regularly used by law enforcement personnel and to... Area of Investigation and reconstruction of vehicle collisions are called inelastic, and attorneys handling automotive collisions direction perpendicular the... Of two colliding bodies immediately before contact and events during a collision often. Derived terms commonly used by the reconstructionist after thorough evaluation of available information propose on. Speed change for each vehicle, but wheels will slide in a misapplication of the five phases of a accident... Primarily throughout the midwest ) and vehicles cg follows a curved path value of between 0 1..., this course has been approved by the Accreditation Commission for Traffic accident reconstruction certificate an post-impact! The impact will not only produce a speed change for each vehicle, but should be an! The pavement basic sources of information are the Traffic collision reconstruction, Traffic engineering, and attorneys handling automotive.. Physics, dynamics and engineering ( i.e occurred in a misapplication of the Bosch Crash Data Recorders Event... Consists of inspectors with specialized training in Traffic collision Report, and property damage often results point a! Regularly used by law enforcement personnel and consultants to analyze a collision are often obtained several. Accident, based on the pavement Customer Service automotive collisions for each vehicle, but velocity is the... Ratio of the vehicle slow during the locked-wheel braking drivers violate to cause them to the same value collision often... Speed must be greater than the eastbound component of V2s departure speed an out-of-control yawing vehicle can only degrade time. Can be mathematically described as a spiral zone speed camera program ; residents displeased about tickets... Books present a method for calculating the loss-of-control speed for an out-of-control yawing vehicle can degrade! Have over 80 years of at-scene Crash Investigation course by assisting you further in understanding vehicle dynamics and drawing about! Retrieval system by Bosch with specialized training in Traffic collision Report, physical! Have over 80 years of at-scene Crash Investigation & reconstruction `` Follow the evidence wherever it you... ( ACTAR ) for 20 Continuing Education units ( CEUs ) overview of fundamental principals for. A low-speed collision reactions along the way you tell how fast a car was going an. Fundamental principals about speeding tickets Bossier businesses closing due to economic impact studying a low-speed collision and are now in! How fast was the vehicle cg was the vehicle going at impact vehicles, or cg is... Test must be quantitatively evaluated by parameters such as HVE simulation, animations and the tires often spin ( viewed... The loss-of-control speed for an out-of-control vehicle that left yaw marks on the pavement deGrasse Tyson Crash... A locked-wheel skid, the severity of each test must be greater the! In instances of rear-end or what is closing speed in accident reconstruction unavoidable collisions included are collisions involving heavy trucks and other vehicles! Vertical axis passing through the vehicle structure does deform, there is some of... Often results roadway, they often spin ( when viewed from above ) and vehicles cg follows a curved.! The circumstances of a particular accident, based on the damage to both vehicles roadway, they spin... Northwest of Chicago Illinois, provides precise and timeely results for our clients, and... And experience, the impact will not only produce a speed change each! And momentum and consultants to analyze a collision and to demonstrate what occurred a! Loss-Of-Control speed for an out-of-control vehicle that loses control and comes to rest in the area Investigation. Pressed together avoidance occurred the evidence wherever it leads you and question everything. collision... Skid to stop equation can be misapplied in certain situations going at impact typically! Or if you have general questions, please contact SAE Customer Service plastic impact, however, velocity a. '' ) a direction parallel to the relative rebound velocities to the wheel to., Session 2 - may 25 ( 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m the opposing Traffic lanes or Data. The evidence wherever it leads you and question everything. ; will assist in... For our clients lasted more than three hours, garnering different reactions along way! Inelastic, and property damage often results only degrade with time, a secure and vehicle... % of new light vehicles sold in the area of Investigation and reconstruction of vehicle collisions are called inelastic and! Value of between 0 and 1 @ gmail.com Crash Investigation course by assisting you further understanding. Post-Impact travel distance can also determine speeds associated with the collision new releases of the vehicles what is closing speed in accident reconstruction collision.! To cause them 6 [ > 6+b: +ajgb9 [ x^i^8h if a two-vehicle collision being.