The natives use it for all purposes, esteeming it light and pleasant. West of this village opens the tremendous gorge, Wady el Chamam, with the famous robbers' fastnesses in its precipitous sides, and the ruins of Arbela on its southern lip. proof that its territory reached the sea. General Description:The sea lies in the deep trough of the Jordan valley, almost due East of the Bay of Acre. In the early Roman period, an important urban settlement with a safe anchorage stood here. The narrow ridge on which the ruins lie runs out toward the Jordan from the uplands of Gilead, with the deep gorge of Wady Yarmuk-Hieromax-on the North, and Wady el `Arab on the South. "One may call this place the ambition of nature;. Frost is not quite unknown; but no one now alive remembers it to have done more than lay the most delicate fringe of ice around some of the stones on the shore. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Cana to Capernaum, It takes 0.03 hours to arrive. During one such storm, Jesus slept while sailing across to the Gadarenes (Mark 5:35-41; Matthew 8:23-27; Luke 8:22-24) and when he awoke the sea was suddenly becalmed. (ii) The Bethsaida of medieval writers was evidently on the West of the Jordan. Smooth plaster covered the rock walls of the apse. The site became apparently known since at least the Early Muslim period as Kursya,[2] the Aramaic word for "chair", and later as Kursi, a word with the same meaning in Arabic,[3] The monks built a walled monastic complex there and made it a destination for Christian pilgrims. If Capernaum were at Khan Minyeh, then the two lay close together. The Old Testament names were "sea of Chinnereth" (yam-kinnereth: Numbers 34:11 Deuteronomy 3:17 Joshua 13:27; Joshua 19:35), and "sea of Chinneroth" (yam-kineroth: Joshua 12:3; compare 11:2; 1 Kings 15:20). GERASA, GERASENES ( , ). , Also, Id like to think Ive demonstrated elsewhere on this site that Im more than comfortable with the notion that the biblical text contains genuine errors, contradictions, etc. On the Sea of Galilee there are frequent storms. It lay near the place where the Jordan enters the Sea of Gennesaret (Ant., XVIII, ii, 1; BJ, II, ix, 1; III, x, 7; Vita, 72). Thomas P. Halton, trans. In most cases they have gone, leaving not even their names with any certainty behind; but His memory abides forever. It should be noted, however, that the name is in origin radically different from Bethsaida. (ii) Medieval works of travel notice only one Bethsaida. See CAPERNAUM. We have now conducted five seasons of excavations at the site, during 19701973 and in 1980. About halfway up the hill is the towerlike structure mentioned earlier. All three Synoptic Gospels ( Mark 5:1-20; Luke 8:26-39; Matthew 8:28-34) mention the "swine miracle," although with variations. Tyre: 33.2721571: 35.203278: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 55.56 km: , Ludwig Koehler et al., The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: E.J. But (i) this involved a passage from a point on the West to a point on the South shore, "crossing over" two considerable bays; whereas if the boat started from any point in el-BaTeichah, to which we seem to be limited by the "much grass," and by the definition of the district as belonging to Bethsaida, to sail to et-Tell, it was a matter of coasting not more than a couple of miles, with no bay to cross. Some of these it is impossible to identify. Farther North, Wady el-`Amud brings down much water in the rainy season. Bacon, Eusebius of Caesarea (260313 CE10) in his Onomasticon (basically a long list of place names with explanations of their location), not content with his available options of Gerasa and Gadara Eusebius decided to add a third candidate: Eusebius, Onomasticon, 74: Gergesa There the Lord healed the demoniacs. , William Arndt et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 612. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. The distance is about 19 miles from the river. Luke 5:1 Now it happened, while the multitude pressed on him and heard the word of God, that he was standing by the lake of Gennesaret. About 2 miles farther West are the hot springs of eT-Tabgha. The demons inside him gave him such strength that he was able to break all the chains and fetters that were intended to subdue him. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. A person seated on this bench beholds, through the chapels small prayer hall, an excellent view of the enclosed rock on the terrace below, and, from there, of the monastery at the bottom of the hill and the Sea of Galilee beyond. [8] [9] The distance between Bethsaida and Paneas is said to have been 50 mi (80 km). But one things for sure: wherever the event happened it was a waste of good bacon. The street terminated at the courtyard in front of the church. William of Tyre calls the city Jarras, and places it 16 miles East of Jordan (Hist, xii, 16). We may assume that the cities named in the Gospels were mainly Jewish. There he meets a man seized with an unclean spirit (Mark) or with demons (Luke). We discovered these images when we lifted the columns and reopened the blocked doorways. In 1970, while clearing land for a new road to the Golan Heights, a bulldozer operated by the Ministry of Public Works turned up large quantities of Byzantine pottery and then began to unearth the ruins of ancient structures. Within the apse is a bench subdivided into semicircular, plastered seats. In some places, the wall actually touches the boulder. It was taken by Antiochus the Great when in 218 B.C. History:The name Gadara appears to be Semitic It is still heard in Jedur, which attaches to the ancient rock tombs, with sarcophagi, to the East of the present ruins. Around 150 years later Origen comes along, and, knowing that Matthews attempted fix isnt watertight, relocates the event to Gergasa based on what is probably an ancient tradition. v.71). On the sands along the shore from el-Mejdel to `Ain et-Tineh these shells are so numerous as to cause a white glister in the sunlight.The main formation of the surrounding district is limestone. After stilling the storm while crossing the Sea of Galilee, Jesus lands with his disciples on the eastern shore of the lake. Heres where Matthew locates the pigs: Mt 8:30 Now a large herd of swine was feeding at some distance from them. This has therefore always been a favorite haunt of fishermen. Gardens and orchards are being planted. Occasionally, however, tempests break over the lake, in which a boat could hardly live. Galilee is one of the USA city. Unfortunately, the most severe damage to the mosaics occurred in the nave. Capernaum area. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a1615141b8e2bf0 Soon after the sites final abandonment, alluvial soil from the Wadi Samak covered this important Christian holy place. Both Gerasa and Gadara were cities to the east of the Sea of Galilee and the River Jordan. 6.211. Jesus gives Kingdom illustrations. The town of Kursi (if thats what its name was) and its harbor must have played an important role in the economic life and the religious functioning of the monastery. This writer extols the productiveness of the plain. The soil is deep, rich loam, of amazing fertility. Today they are the modern towns of Jerash and Umm Qais. ifsi virtual learning. gad'-a-ra (Gadara):1. The bulldozer was stopped and the Department of Antiquities and Museums was called in to excavate scientifically. The remains of the monastery can be visited in the Kursi National Park. Although the ruins of this settlement, known as Tell el-Kursi, can still be seen, the site remains unexcavated. Jesus commands the unclean spirits to come out of him. On the shore, fully 2 miles from the Jordan, are the ruins of Tell Chum. If we accept Marcan Priority (which we do around here) then weve got Mark writing country of the Gerasenes, Luke following him faithfully, but Matthew deliberately changing Gerasenes to Gadarenes in his version of events. Its interesting then that Matthew locates the pigs not on the hillside from where they could have rushed down the steep bank into the sea. The pigs would still have had to have been long distance runners not the picture painted for us in Mark or Luke where the herd is on the hillside close to the water. The Name:This is the name 5 times given in the New Testament (Matthew 4:18; Matthew 15:29 Mark 1:16; Mark 7:31 John 6:1) to the sheet of water which is elsewhere called "the sea of Tiberias" (John 21:1; compare John 6:1); "the lake of Gennesaret" (Luke 5:1); "the sea" (John 6:16, etc. Performance & security by Cloudflare. The figure of a ship frequently appears on its coins: conclusive. GENNESARET, lake of, same as Tiberias, sea of. Once it burst from the South. For if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes. Some of these sites, such as Capernaum, have a continuous and uninterrupted place in the history of Christian pilgrimage, beginning as far back as the first centuries of our era. The distance line on map shows distance from Cana to Capernaum between two cities. Luke 9:10 The apostles, when they had returned, told him what things they had done. He gave it a free constitution. That monastery was destroyed by Sassanid Persian armies in 614 CE, partially rebuilt, and finally levelled by the 749 Galilee earthquake. If freedom and security be enjoyed in reasonable measure, the region will again display its long-hidden treasures of fertility and beauty.W. A dedicatory inscription contains the date 685 A.D. The distance is about 19 miles from the river. From this disaster it appears soon to have recovered, and the period of its greatest prosperity lay, probably, in the 2nd and 3nd centuries of our era. Helmut Koester, Hermeneiaa Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg, 2001), 23. A few years later, Matthew, using Mark as a source for his own gospel, either misses Marks theological point or wants to achieve something else with his text and attempts to correct the events location. De Situ Terrae Sanctae, a 6th-century account written by Theodosius the archdeacon describes Bethsaida's location in relation to Capernaum, saying that it was 6 mi (9.7 km) distant from Capernaum. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Tiberias to Capernaum, It takes 0.01 hours to arrive. From this date the era of the city was reckoned. Mark 7:31 Again he departed from the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and came to the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the region of Decapolis. So, Im kinda dependent on lexicons to tell me whats what. Slowly, perhaps, but surely, the old order is giving place to the new. At the beginning of the Jewish revolt the country around Gadara was laid waste (BJ, II, xviii, 1). This city may be located at et-Tell, a ruined site on the East side of the Jordan on rising ground, fully a mile from the sea. The heights of Naphtali, piled up in the North, seem to culminate only in the snowy summit of Great Hermon. It continued to be a great and important city, and was long the seat of a bishop (Reland, Palestine, 776). Distance between Tel Aviv and Capernaum (117,32 km.) The name is derived from either a lakeside village, Gergesa, the next larger city, Gadara, or the best-known city in the region, Gerasa. Here he feeds the 5,000 (Mt 14:14; Mk 6:33; Lk 9:11; Jn 6:5) [6] The disciples return across the Sea of Galilee (Mt 14:22; Mk 6:45), Jesus walking on the water to join them (Mt 14:25; Mk 6:48; Jn 6:19). 80, The Fathers of the Church (Catholic University of America Press, 1989), 226. The ruins of the town are not considerable; but there are remains of a strong wall which must have surrounded the place. Ancient scribes probably heard or saw one name in the process of copying a manuscript and thought they heard another. John R. McRay, Archaeology and the New Testament, Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 97. On the basis of the textual evidence alone, we cannot determine which of these variants is . Further, if the Gospel of Mark embodies the recollections of Peter, it would be difficult to find a more reliable authority for topographical details connected with the sea on which his fisher life was spent. Kursi disappeared entirely until a bulldozer rediscovered it more than a thousand years later. The land is almost entirely cleared, and it rewards the toil of the husbandman with all its ancient generosity.W. In the northern part of the enclosure, we excavated the remains of the residential quarters of the monastery compound. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Jerusalem to Capernaum, It takes 0.14 hours to arrive. (ii) No case can be cited where the phrase eis to peran certainly means anything else than "to the other side." , James R. Edwards, The Gospel according to Mark, The Pillar New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: Eerdmans; Apollos, 2002), 154. Coming westward from the point where the Jordan enters the lake, the mountains approach within a short distance of the sea. All three of these New Testament variants have solid textual support. Near by is the site at `Ain et-Tabigha, which many have identified with Bethsaida of Galilee. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Nazareth to Capernaum, It takes 0.04 hours to arrive. Nazareth: 32.699634: 35.303548: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 32.24 km: John 6:1 After these things, Jesus went away to the other side of the sea of Galilee, which is also called the Sea of Tiberias. The chapel has an apse constructed within a natural rock shelter. The Tel Dan Steles discovery, the debate it caused, and how it shows that scripture sometimes doesnt work the way we think it does. Commentary on the Gospel according to John Books 1-10, Ed. 27, Anchor Yale Bible (New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2008), 342. II, ix, 1). 10, Library of the Historical Jesus Studies (London; New Delhi; New York; Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2013), 168. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Alexander Janneus invested the place, and reduced it after a ten months' siege (Ant., XIII, iii, 3; BJ, I, iv, 2). It was located on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, whereas Gerasa and Gadara were several kilometers south-east of it. The factors that led to this site selection were undoubtedly: (1) its location on the eastern shore of the lake; (2) its proximity to an urban center (variously named Gergessa, Gadara and Gerasa); and (3) its topographical setting, in particular the steep hill where the swine herd had presumably been grazing. Gerasa, one of the cities of Decapolis and the capital of the country of the Gerasenes, lay around 37 miles/60 kilometres away from the Sea of Galilee in what is today the city of Jerash in Jordan.3 The country of the Gerasenes did not reach the Sea of Galilee (an important point that well get to in a bit). There is scarcely any doubt that the scene of the miracle on the poor demoniac, and of the subsequent possession of the swine, must be looked for on this spot. Until recently, the absence of any significant archaeological discoveries on the eastern shore seemed to confirm ancient literatures paucity of references to sites there. The Moslem conquest followed shortly thereafter in the seventh century. Most of the mosaic motifs at Kursi are typical of the Byzantine period. Why would he do that? MARK. The monastery compound lies at the foot of a hill, on a plain by the Sea of Galilee. 1. (Ant., XVII, xi, 4; BJ, II, vi, 3). Why would Matthew do that? Jesus would naturally avoid those in which Greek influences were strong. Mk 1:35-45 During the winter of 27/28AD, Jesus goes to the nearby villages of Galilee, preaching and casting out demons. Ewing. As a result of excavations by the Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums, however, it is becoming quite clear that the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee also played an important role in early Christian pilgrimages. (Ant., XV, vii, 3; BJ, I, xx, 3). It may have been the fishing town adjoining the larger city. 51.91.102.219 To the Galilee flocked not only pilgrims, but also monks and scholars, searching for the places that Jesus had known. Round the greater part of the lake there is a broad pebbly beach, with a sprinkling of small shells. Tabor and approaching the edge of the great hollow, on a bright spring day, when the land has already assumed its fairest garments, the view of the sea, as it breaks upon the vision in almost its whole extent, is one never to be forgotten. DECAPOLIS. Want of precision on topographical points, therefore, need not surprise us. fine for parking in handicap spot in ohio. Conclusion: we just dont know where this event is supposed to have taken place. Gerasa and Gadara are accounted for in historical accounts (by writers such as Pliny the Elder and Josephus) and by archaeological research. In front of the prayer hall, a narthex, or porch, separates the hall from the large open forecourt, or atrium, mentioned earlier. , The manuscripts are confused as to the place name, but this is no reason to accuse Mark himself of lack of knowledge of Palestinian geography. R. Alan Cole, Mark: An Introduction and Commentary, vol. As this is too far from the sea for a fishing village, Schumacher (The Jaulan, 246) suggests that el-`Araj, "a large, completely destroyed site close to the lake," connected in ancient times with et-Tell "by the beautiful roads still visible," may have been the fishing village, and et-Tell the princely residence. Fragments of an elaborate border, however, remain intact. Fertility:The walnut, the palm, the olive and the fig, which usually require diverse conditions, flourish together here. GADARA. Pompey is said to have restored it, 63 B.C. The structure itself consists of two parts. Only the mosaic in the baptistery can be dated with certainty. Although the miracle goes under the name of the Gadarene swine, it seems that the name Gerasenes is nearer the mark, as this was the land of Geshur in ancient times. Modern methods of agriculture are being employed in the Jewish colonies, which are rapidly increasing in number. (2) Bethsaida of Galilee, where dwelt Philip, Andrew, Peter (John 1:44; John 12:21), and perhaps also James and John. After Jesus heals him/them, the demons are sent into a herd of pigs. Gergasa, it has been suggested12, is a transliteration of Kursi, located half way up the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. The pilgrimage sites associated with the swine miracle, as opposed to the urban settlement of Tell el-Kursi, were discovered quite by accident in the late 20th century. On the shore, fully 2 miles from the Jordan, are the ruins of Tell Chum. The NT references ( Mark 5:1; Luke 8:26; cf. The southern city, therefore, should be understood as "the capital of Peraea" in BJ, IV; vii, 3.Gadara was a member of the DECAPOLIS (which see).W. This would exclude Gadara on the Hieromax. (Matthew 8:28; Mark 5:1; Luke 8:26) In Gerasenes in place of Gadarenes. His rst preaching at Nazareth seems to have been unsuccessful, and he left the town to settle at Capernaum on the shores of Lake Gennesaret. It gradually narrows toward the South, taking the shape of a gigantic pear, with a decided bulge to the West. Lucius Annius, at the instance of Vespasian, sacked and burned the city, with much slaughter (BJ, IV, ix, 1). Where vegetable gardens are planted they yield plentifully. 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